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    Session 41: Ichthyology Systematics

    Room: Ballroom 111C

    2022-07-31   08:00 - 09:30

    Moderator: Tom Munroe



    1.  08:00  The German common name Sander is not a valid Latin name or scientific name for Walleye, Sauger, and European Pikeperches. John Bruner*, University of Alberta   jbruner@ualberta.ca

    Sander, the German common name for Stizostedion lucioperca (Percidae), is an alternate spelling of Zander. Sander (Oken 1817) is not a valid Latinized scientific name and nor is it available as a generic name. Collette (1963), the first reviser of Percidae, came to the conclusion Stizostedion Rafinesque 1820 is the correct name. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in Opinion 417 (Hemming 1956) rejected Oken’s (1815-1816) encyclopedia for nomenclatorial purposes because of his use of common names as scientific names. Gill (1903) discovered Oken’s publications and wrote incorrectly Sander is a Latin name. Eschmeyer and Bailey (1990), citing Gill (1903), wrote Sander was the senior synonym of Stizostedion, but did not investigate its Latinization. If they had, they would have found Bloch (1783) and Fischer (1791) both wrote Sander is a vernacular name. Kottelat (1997) citing Gill (1903) and Eschmeyer and Bailey (1990), but ignoring publications of the former Soviet Union and North American publications, emphasized Sander was the correct generic name. Nelson et al (2003) publication in AFS Fisheries supported Sander but was never sent out for peer review because it was considered a committee report. The AFS/ASIH Common and Scientific Names of Fishes (Nelson et al 2004, Page et al 2013) in recognizing Sander, have forced fishery biologists wishing to publish in their journals to use the wrong generic name for a Walleye fishery worth billions of dollars.


    2.  08:15  The Genus Pseudohemiodon (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) in Ecuador, with the Description of a New Species. Francisco Provenzano, Universidad Central de Venezuela; Pablo Argüello*, Escuela Politécnica Nacional; Ramiro Barriga, Escuela Politécnica Nacional   pablo.arguello@epn.edu.ec

    The genus Pseudohemiodon include nine recognized species distributed in Amazonas, Paraná and Orinoco drainages. Three species were found in Ecuador: P. lamina (Günther 1868) described from Xeberos (Jeberos), Peru; P. apithanos Isbrücker & Nijssen 1978, described from the Putumayo River system, Ecuador, and a new species described herein from specimens caught in the Aguarico River, Ecuador. The objective of this study is describe that species and review the taxonomy of the genus Pseudohemiodon in Ecuador. Comparative analysis was performed with meristic (28) and morphometric characters (10) of specimens deposited in the MEPN fish collection. The measures were expressed as percentage of standard length, head length or proportions. The new species is diagnosed by having: abdomen totally covered with small to medium-sized, irregularly shaped plates, absence of small, bony plates, anterior to gill openings, eyes relatively small and six to seven dark transverse bands, posterior to the dorsal-fin. P. apithanos was registered in Napo and Pastaza River basins, showing remarkable transversal dark bands in small specimens, which are absents in the largest specimens, giving some degree of difficulty its identification. Specimens of P. lamina were distributed in Napo River basin, being recognized by the presence of 2-4 small plates in front of the gill opening on the ventral surface of the head. Finally, Isbrücker & Nijssen (1978) indicate the presence of P. laticeps (Regan 1904) in Ecuador. Our analysis determines that P. laticeps doesn’t occur in Ecuador; specimens previously identified as P. laticeps, correspond to large sized specimens of P. apithanos.


    3.  08:30  Higher-Level Relationships of Catfishes (Siluriformes) from Phylogenomic Data. Milton Tan*, Illinois Natural History Survey; Mark Sabaj, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University; Dahiana Arcila, University of Oklahoma; Lily Hughes, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences; Cláudio de Oliveira, UNESP; Nathan Lujan, Royal Ontario Museum; Ricardo Betancur-R, University of Oklahoma; Guillermo Ortí, George Washington University   miltont@illinois.edu

    The catfishes (Order Siluriformes) are one of the most diverse vertebrate orders with about 39 families, 497 genera, and 4087 species globally distributed in continental freshwaters and coastal marine habitats. Although understood to be monophyletic, phylogenetic relationships among many catfish families and higher-level groups are unresolved. The most comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analyses for catfishes used nuclear RAG1 and RAG2 genes and mitochondrial genomes. These studies propose Loricarioidei (including Nematogenyidae, Trichomycteridae, Callichthyidae, Scoloplacidae, Astroblepidae, and Loricariidae) sister to the clade formed by Diplomystidae and the remaining catfishes (Siluroidei). Within Siluroidei, the base of the clade was essentially unresolved, comprising the families/higher-level groups Cetopsidae, Siluridae, Ritidae, Austroglanididae, Pangasiidae, Plotosidae, Chacidae, and clades: Aspredinoidea (Aspredinidae, Doradidae, Auchenipteridae), Clarioidea (Clariidae, Heteropneustidae), Arioidea (Ariidae, Anchariidae), Big Asia (Horabagridae, Bagridae, Akysidae, Amblycipitidae, Sisoridae, Erethistidae, Ailiidae), Pimelodoidea (Pimelodidae, Pseudopimelodidae, Heptapteridae, Conorhynchos, Phreatobius), Big Africa (Mochokidae, Malapteruridae, Amphiliidae, Auchenoglanididae, Schilbeidae, Claroteidae, Lacantuniidae), and Ictaluroidea (Ictaluridae, Cranoglanididae). We reassess these relationships using phylogenomics with FishLife exon markers designed for Ostariophysi. We present the first molecular phylogeny including representatives of all extant catfish families/subfamilies including the only family not previously placed in a molecular phylogeny (Kryptoglanididae). We confirm earlier molecular phylogenetic analyses by resolving most of the previously recovered suprafamilial clades. We also resolve relationships that were only poorly or questionably resolved in previous studies, including on the interrelationships among major catfish family clades, including Ritidae, Plotosidae, Austroglanididae, Kryptoglanididae, and Lacantuniidae. These results have consequences for the historical biogeography of the dispersal of catfishes around the world.


    4.  08:45  Phylogenomic Analysis of the Airbreathing Catfishes (Siluriformes: Clariidae) using Ultraconserved Elements. Maxwell Bernt*, American Museum of Natural History; Melanie Stiassny, American Museum of Natural History   mjbernt@gmail.com

    The airbreathing catfishes of the family Clariidae are named for their possession of a subrabranchial organ that allows respiration of atmospheric air. The family is comprised of 116 species in 16 genera. Clariids are most diverse in Africa, but also inhabit southeast Asia and the Middle East, with invasive populations in Europe, North and South America, Hawaii, and the Caribbean. The most recent molecular phylogenetic analyses of Clariidae have used mitochondrial cytochtome b and 16S genes and two ribosomal spacer sequences. These analyses either show largely incongruent relationships, or share relatively few taxa. We present a new phylogeny for the Clariidae based on genomic data from ultraconserved elements (UCEs). Our analysis includes UCEs from 55 species in 14 genera, including three genera not previously analyzed with molecular data. Our results corroborate the longstanding morphological hypothesis that Heteropneustes (typically recognized in Heteropneustidae) forms the sister to Clariidae. We also find that the Asian genus Encheloclarias is the sister to all remaining clariids. Notably, all Asian species of the genus Clarias form a monophyletic group that is sister to all African clariids. Among the African taxa, members of Clarias are polyphyletic, and we find no support for any of the six previously recognized Clarias subgenera. Representatives of the genus Clariallabes are similarly dispersed throughout the tree, suggesting substantial plasticity in the phenotypes associated with these genera. Our results indicate a need for extensive taxonomic reassessment of African clariids.


    5.  09:00  A Molecular Taxonomy of Cottus in Western North America. Michael Young*, National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation; Rebecca Smith, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee; Kristine Pilgrim, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; Daniel Isaak, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; Kevin McKelvey, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; Sharon Parkes, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; Jacob Egge, Department of Biology, Pacific Lutheran University; Michael Schwartz, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station   michael.k.young@usda.gov

    The taxonomy of sculpins (Cottus, Cottidae) remains one of the last major systematic puzzles among North American freshwater fishes. We used molecular approaches to identify candidate taxa and their distribution across western North America. We crowd-sourced the collection of specimens (n = 8,272) via outreach to biologists in the western U.S. and Canada. From that collection, we sequenced–at up to two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes–a subset (n = 4,009) of specimens from most basins in the western U.S. and select locations in Canada and the eastern U.S., added public sequences, and applied several species delimitation and specimen identification methods to assess phylogenetic and spatial patterns of diversity. Species delimitation methods, primarily relying on a conservative interpretation of the phylogenetic species concept, were broadly concordant and indicated that 38 candidate species representing 8 species complexes were present in western North America. In two of these species complexes, we also delineated five additional candidate species restricted to eastern North America. Among the latter were C. bairdii and C. cognatus, which were not sister taxa. Membership in species complexes varied from one or more strongly supported and widely recognized taxa to suites of cryptic taxa to named taxa that lacked molecular support. Molecular assignment of individual specimens to candidate species was unambiguous, and the geographic distributions of candidate taxa were internally consistent and often concordant with phylogeographic patterns among other groups of aquatic species. Our work establishes a benchmark for cataloging taxonomic diversity among sculpins in western North America.


    6.  09:15  Congruence and Incongruence in the Phylogenomics of Wrasses and Parrotfishes (Family Labridae). Lily Hughes*, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences; Chloe Nash, University of Chicago; Mark Westneat, University of Chicago   lilychughes@gmail.com

    Phylogenomic analysis of large genome-wide sequence data sets can resolve phylogenetic tree topologies for large species groups, help test the accuracy of and improve resolution for earlier multilocus studies and reveal the level of agreement or concordance within partitions of the genome for various tree topologies. Here we used a target-capture approach to sequence more than 1,000 single-copy exons for more than 200 labrid fishes together with more than 100 outgroup taxa to generate a new data-rich phylogeny for the family Labridae. With this dataset, we examine genomic support for the sister to the wrasses, Centrogenys vaigiensis. The phylogenetic relationships among major labrid subfamilies and within these clades was largely congruent with prior analyses. However, the position of the pseudocheilines (fairy and flasher wrasses) showed discordance, resolving either as the sister to a crown julidine clade or alternatively sister to a group formed by the labrines, cheilines and scarines. Exploration of this pattern using multiple approaches leads to slightly higher support for this latter hypothesis. We also obtained exceptional resolution of the julidine polytomy, highlighting the importance of genome-level data sets for resolving short internodes at key phylogenetic positions in large, economically important groups of coral reef fishes. Finally, we discuss the divergence times of labrids in light of the placement of old and new fossil calibrations.




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