MAM-A - Plenary Session Orange D 08:30 - 12:30
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| Chair(s): Nolan Hertel, Hannah Graham
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MAM-A.0
08:30 Introduction N Hertel*, HPS President
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MAM-A.1
08:40 Health Physicists and Their Impact on the Past, Present, and Future of America’s Nuclear Security Enterprise L Gordon-Hagerty*, NNSA
Abstract: The profession of health physics is synonymous with America’s nuclear weapons enterprise. Although the NNSA was created in 2000, health physics can trace its origins back to the Manhattan Project’s first production of fissile material in 1942. In the intervening three quarters of a century, health physicists’ work has been crucial to the safe experimentation with nuclear materials that both undergirds our Nation’s deterrent capabilities and supports energy production.
Ms. Gordon-Hagerty will provide an overview of the NNSA’s enduring mission to protect America by maintaining a safe, secure, and effective nuclear weapons stockpile, and the vital role of health physicists play in national security. From South Carolina to California, health physicists help ensure that safety and security are in focus of every aspect of the NNSA’s operations.
Moving beyond the past and the present, Ms. Gordon-Hagerty will outline why health physicists are critical to NNSA’s future. One of the Administrator’s key initiatives at NNSA is investing in a world-class workforce for the future. With an aging workforce, NNSA has launched an integrated effort to recruit the next generation of scientists, engineers, and technicians in order to meet tomorrow’s challenges. The next generation of health physicists will be vital to answering the Nation’s call to national security service and our nuclear deterrent.
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MAM-A.2
09:10 The Linac Coherent Light Source Facilities: LCLS, LCLS-II and Beyond
(G William Morgan Lecturer) JN Galayda*, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Abstract: The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) began construction in 2001 and produced its first x-rays in April 2009. Unique in its capabilities when it began operation, it is now one of many such x-ray free-electron lasers in operation or planning stages around the world (China, Italy, Switzerland, Korea, Japan). LCLS produces short-duration (<1 to ~100’s of femtoseconds) x-ray pulses with peak power in the 10’s of gigawatts, by passing short (~100 femtosecond) 1,000 ampere pulses of electrons through a series of “undulator” magnets, producing pulses of synchrotron radiation. Today, the LCLS receives electrons from the 120 Hz SLAC linac. LCLS-II is a major facility upgrade project is underway to construct a CW superconducting linac in the first kilometer of the 3 km SLAC linac tunnel. This 4 GeV linac will provide x-ray pulses at up to 1 MHz to two new undulator sources. Yet another upgrade is already anticipated- the LCLS-II-HE project will double the energy of the LCLS-II linac, reaching 8 GeV. The presentation will provide an overview of free-electron lasers worldwide and an overview of the LCLS facility and its expansion by the LCLS-II and LCLS-II-HE projects
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MAM-A.3
09:40 General Introduction and the Latest Research Progress of China Institute for Radiation Protection L Liu*, CIRP
Abstract: China Institute for Radiation Protection (CIRP) is founded in 1962 and located in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China. It is the only comprehensive research institute that solely dedicated to radiological protection and environmental health in China. The Institute consists of many R&D facilities for basic radiological sciences and technologies researches, i.e. radiation detections and measurements, radionuclide transport and pathways modeling, radiation instrumentation and dosimetry; radiation shield and dose assessments; radiation biology and low-dose health effects. The latest achievements of CIRP include, for examples, individual radiological dose monitoring; astronaut and space-travel dosimeter; radiopharmaceuticals applications; simulation of atmosphere dispersion; nuclear air-cleaning and filtration technology; nuclear waste managements and effective disposal treatments; radioecology and ecosystem assessments; and the emergency response of nuclear accident. Furthermore, the Institute also committed on the radiation protection optimization methods; improved in-situ measurement technology of radiative sources and the field application; applied probabilistic risk assessments as risk-informed methodologies; and implemented water treatments methods as well as the off-gas hold-up system via activated-charcoal beds for commercial nuclear power plants.
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MAM-A.4
10:40 Radiation Therapy Related Late Effects RM Howell*, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center
Abstract: Second cancers and cardiac effects are the two most common late effect among long-term cancer survivors. In radiation oncology, patients are exposed to a wide range of doses, ranging from extremely high doses in and near the tumor to relatively low out-of-field dose. There are thousands of publications in the literature dedicated to these topics. Studies with the greatest impact are those that reported dose response relationships - describing how the radiation dose level affects the risk to specific tissues. This presentation will highlight several key studies that reported dose response relationships for second cancers and cardiac effects in both adult and pediatric patients. The presentation will also provide an overview of commonly used methods to estimate patients’ individual organ doses in large radiation epidemiology cohort and case-control studies. Finally, this presentation will comment on late effects from contemporary radiation therapy, e.g., intensity modulated photon therapy and proton therapy.
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MAM-A.5
11:10 Comparison Of Findings In Studies Of Radiation And Cancer Risk In The Atomic Bomb Survivors Russian Populations Exposed As A Result Of The Operation Of The Mayak Plutonium Production Association.
(G William Morgan Lecturer) DL Preston*, Hirosoft International
Abstract: The Life Span Study of atomic bomb survivors remains the major source of information on the long-term effects of radiation on the occurrence of cancer and other disease. The main limitation of the survivor studies is that they involve acute exposures. In recent years, studies of populations exposed as a consequence of the operations of the Mayak Production Association in the Southern Urals have begun to provide important information on long-term radiation health effects in populations with chronic, low- dose-rate exposure. These populations include: 1) The Mayak worker Cohort (MWC) which consists of about 26,000 male and female workers at the Mayak complex with occupational external exposures. About two-thirds of the cohort members also had the potential for inhaled plutonium exposures; 2) the Techa River Cohort (TRC) which consists of almost 30,000 people born before 1950 who living in villages along the Techa River sometime between 1950 and 1960; 3)The East Urals Radioactive Trace Cohort (EURTC) of about 22,000 people who were exposed as result of an accident at Mayak on September 29, 1957 and lived in a contaminated village sometime before the end of 1959. 1,958 members of the EURTC are also members of the Techa River Cohort. In this presentation I briefly describe these cohorts, summarize the results of some recent risk analyses in the LSS and the combined TRC/EURTC cohorts, with a primary focus on solid cancer risk estimates and compare these risk estimates. The presentation will conclude with remarks on the strengths, limitations and future directions of these studies.
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MAM-A.6
11:40 Connecting radiation health science to protection of people O Niwa*, Radiation Effects Research Foundation
Abstract: As pointed out by Colin P. Snow in 1950s, a gap exists between science and humanities. Likewise, a similar gap separates science and people, though it is particularly wide when it comes to the risk of radiation.
We already have a substantial knowledge on the health effects of radiation, thanks to the help of atomic bomb survivors and their children for the studies conducted by Radiation Effects Research Foundation for the past 70 years. Quality of the survivor study has been repeatedly verified and endorsed by numerous independent studies. Such studies served a solid foundation of the ICRP System of Radiological Protection in which the LNT model is successfully utilized. Although the current RP system is widely accepted, the public was very confused and panicked when the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactor accident took place in 2011. Thus, scientific knowledge on radiation health effects and the well-established RP system did not help people and the authority, because of the wide gap between science and people.
After living in the affected land of Fukushima for three years, this author realized that the way of addressing an issue of concern differed considerably between people and science; the former relies on a subjective judgement while the latter takes an objective approach. Both types of thinking are intrinsic to us human, and fundamental gap thus created can only be filled by empathy from both sides. If science is to be of any help to the people, we researchers have to transcend the gap by gaining the trust of the public.
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MAM-A.7
12:10 Panel Discussion
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