THAM-A2 - Radiation Effects North 221ABC 10:15 - 11:15
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THAM-A2.1
10:15 Proteomic biomarker analysis of serum from Japanese field mice (Apodemus speciosus) collected within the Fukushima difficult to return zone M Sproull*, NIH/NCI/ROB
; J Hayes, Colorado State University, Fort Collins; H Ishiniwa, Fukushima University, Fukushima; K Nanba, Fukushima University, Fukushima; U Shankavaram, NIH/NCI/ROB; K Camphausen, NIH/NCI/ROB; TE Johnson, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
Abstract: Purpose: The environmental impact of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident is a source of ongoing concern as there is uncertainty regarding the effects of chronic radiation exposure on local plant and animal life from Fukushima-derived radionuclides. In the current study, changes in proteomic biomarker expression due to chronic environmentally derived radiation exposures was examined in wild field mice.
Methods: Serum from 10 wild field mice (Apodemus speciosus) native to the Fukushima difficult to return zone and from 8 wild field mice native to the Soma area (control) were collected. External dose estimations were completed using measurements of ambient radiation levels and calculating Cs-137 concentrations in soil. Internal dose was estimated by counting whole mice using an HPGe detector. Age of the mice was estimated using molar wear. Serum was screened using the aptamer-based SOMAscan proteomic assay technology, for changes in expression of 1,310 protein analytes. A subset panel of protein biomarkers which demonstrated significant changes in expression between control and exposed mice was determined and analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA).
Results: Control animals had a calculated lifetime dose range from 0.001 to 0.007 Gy and exposed animals had a calculated lifetime dose range from 0.01 to 0.64 Gy. No discernable effect of dose rate was seen as relative dose rate correlated with dose for all samples. Detectable values were obtained for all 1,310 proteins included in the SOMAscan assay. Subset panels of proteins demonstrating significant p < 0.05 changes in expression with either an upregulated or downregulated 1.5 fold change over control were identified for both the sample cohort inclusive of all exposed samples and the sample cohort restricted to samples from animals receiving “low” dose exposures. These panels of proteins from exposed animals were analyzed using IPA which highlighted changes in key biological pathways related to injury, respiratory, renal, urological and gastrointestinal disease and cancer.
Conclusion: Significant changes in expression of proteomic biomarkers were seen in the serum of wild field mice who received environmental exposures to Fukushima-derived radionuclides. Our findings demonstrate novel biomarkers of radiation exposure in wildlife within the Fukushima difficult to return zone.
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THAM-A2.2
10:30 The development of track structure microdosimetric models for bacteria exposed to pluotnium-239 and iron-55 LM Manglass*, Francis Marion University and Clemson University
; N Martinez, Clemson University
Abstract: The objective of this work was to develop an appropriate microdosimetric model for a bacteria cell to support dosimetry efforts related to liquid cultures of Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli that were exposed Pu-239 and Fe-55. The modeling effort is informed by the results of previous studies that demonstrate large accumulations of both Pu-239 and Fe-55 in the cells from the liquid media. Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that lack a cell nucleus, and as such, DNA is not confined to a specific location and becomes a larger potential target for interactions from ionizing radiation exposure. Plutonium-239 and Fe-55 that was concentrated within the cells would mean that a larger portion of alpha interactions will occur at sensitive locations within the cells. For practical purposes, absorbed dose is typically averaged over a volume of interest, and it is conventionally assumed that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the primary and critical target for induction of dose-related effects. However, as the broader goals of the project apply sensitive biological tools to analyze the response of microorganisms to ionizing radiation, a more complex assessment of dosimetry is warranted.
The microdosimetry effort was completed using the GEANT-4 monte carlo toolkit with the GEANT4-DNA extension to provide track structure modeling, as this extension was developed specifically for the purpose of examining particle interactions in water and DNA constituents down to very low energies. The effort considered a cylindrical model that was 5 μm in length and 1 μm in diameter to approximate the average dimensions of P. putida and E. coli. Because of the variable size of bacteria in cultures, the modeling effort included sensitivity testing that examined a range of cell sizes from 1.5 -10 µm in length and 0.5-3 µm in diameter. The model also included the development of cylindrical extensions designed to approximate flagella P. putida cultures and considered locations of Pu-239 and Fe-55 on the interior of the cell, as well as on the surface of the cell (located both proximally and distally when flagella are included in calculations).
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THAM-A2.3
10:45 Response of the Pseudo Pelger-Huët Anomaly in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) as a Function of Age Y Chino*, Colorado State University
; JM Cline, Wake Forest University; JD Olson, Wake Forest University; AS Balajee, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; TE Johnson, Colorado State University; JM Hayes, Colorado State University
Abstract: Pseudo Pelger-Huet Anomaly (PPHA) is an abnormality of neutrophils consisting of a bilobed nucleus separated by a thin chromatin bridge. The ratio of PPHAs to normal neutrophil populations increases after radiation exposures
in several animal species including humans, and shows promise as a new biomarker of radiation exposure that is both cost effective and rapid. However, there are still many intrinsic factors to be investigated for the practical application of PPHA for biodosimetery such as determining the impact of age. In this study, peripheral blood smears from various ages of nonhuman primates (Rhesus macaques) that were irradiated with different doses at the Wake Forest university primate center were analyzed to determine if radiation induced PPHA formation is altered as a function of age. Blood samples were collected for various time periods after radiation exposure of multiple age groups. The result of this study will contribute to the practical development of PPHA assay as a biodosimetry tool for radiological/nuclear incidents.
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THAM-A2.4
11:00 Radiation Protection Survey at Saudi Pediatric Hospitals AM Almashhki*, Ahmed
Abstract: This study aimed evaluating of radiation protection knowledge . This study was performed at 5 main regions in Saudi Arabia that targeted about 12 pediatric hospitals( 3 pediatric hospital in meddle region , 2 in south region ,3in west region, 2 in east region & 2 in north region ). In 1st Dec, 2016, an online survey of 26 questions was sent via e-mail,whatsapp to approximately 1000 Technologists & only 269 respondents did complete survey . This capstone project aimed to survey the knowledge & training radiation protection at pediatric hospitals specifically in radiology departments. Most of the participants from south region of Saudi Arabia 43.39% , middle region about 22.31% , from north region 8,26% , from east region 11.57% and from west region . Most of the participants 94% have at least one certificate in radiologic sciences, and 6 % they don't have. Most of the participants have trained in general hospital 75%, 21% trained in specialty 9% trained in other filed "Healthcare , NGH, MSD " . The participants who determine the workplace has policy to protect patients they answer "Yes" are 53% while they answer "No" are 37% and 10% they don't know. The participants answered that the common.
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