TAM-A2 - Radiobiology and Biological Response Centennial Ballroom 300A 10:45 - 11:45
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| Chair(s): Yuiko Chino
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TAM-A2.1
10:45 Difference in Long-term WBC Response in Pediatric and Mature Rhesus Macaques Y Chino*, Colorado State University
; JD Olson, Wake Forest University School of Medicine; JM Cline, Wake Forest University School of Medicine; TE Johnson, Colorado State University
Abstract: The hematopoietic system is the most sensitive system to radiation exposure. The response and recovery of circulating white blood cells (WBCs) has been studied for many years. Generally, WBCs decline to the lowest in a few days to several weeks post irradiation, followed by recovery over 4-8 weeks. The speed of the decline and recovery depends on several factors including the cell type and radiation dose. Age of individuals at time of irradiation also causes differences in radiation response. Juveniles and younger populations are typically more sensitive to radiation than adults. While there are many case studies of acute hematopoietic response, limited information is available on long-term response and recovery. Therefore, we analyzed the archival data of WBC differentials obtained from Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) irradiated with 0-8.5 Gy of whole-body irradiation. The purpose of obtaining WBC differentials was to investigate the difference in the hematopoietic response depending on the irradiation age. WBC differential was obtained during regular health checkups before and after irradiation. Irradiation age varied between 2 and 10 years. Populations with the same radiation dose were separated into two groups; irradiated at younger than 4 years old and older than 4 years old. Macaques are considered mature at 4 years old. Multiple comparisons were performed by Fisher’s least significant difference using R studio with R (ver. 4.1.2). This investigation will provide information to support how WBC changes with radiation dose as well as help understanding long-term response after radiation exposure to a population with a wide range of age.
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TAM-A2.2
11:00 Establishment of the Next Generation Omics-Based Anthropomorphic Phantoms for Radiation Protection - The Impact of The Human Cell Atlas Project. G Akabani*, Asociación Mexicana de RadioProtección, AC, Mexico City, Mexico
Abstract: Anthropomorphic phantoms for radiation protection have been developed for the last four decades with great sophistication accommodating various stages of development for both male and female genders, including the pregnant female phantom. The tissue composition of these anthropomorphic phantoms is based on physical tissue properties. However, with the advent of omics technologies, it is now possible to establish omics-based biologically equivalent anthropomorphic phantoms that represent not only the anthropomorphic aspects of the human body but also its spatiotemporal biology at the cellular, tissue, organ, and system level, including tissue microenvironments and stem cells. This effort is led by the Human Cell Atlas (HCA) project. The objective of the HCA is to create a comprehensive reference map of the types and properties of all human cells as a basis for understanding diagnosing, monitoring, and treating health and disease, which include the potential effects, harmful or otherwise, of ionizing radiation. Therefore, we present for the first time a bioinformatics framework for the structure of these omics-based anthropomorphic phantoms. Furthermore, we hope these omics phantoms will help elucidate and translate radiobiological findings and mechanisms of action of low dose, low dose rate radiation effects from in vitro and in vivo animal studies into humans using omics approaches.
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TAM-A2.4
11:15 The Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio Shows Evidence for Chronic Inflammation in a Radium Dial Painter Cohort RE Goans*, MJW Corporation and REAC/TS
; RE Toohey, REAC/TS; CJ Iddins, REAC/TS; M Mumma, International Epidemiology Institute; SL McComish, USTUR; SY Tolmachev, USTUR
Abstract: The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is widely regarded in clinical medicine as a nonspecific marker of inflammation. In a collaborative effort with the US Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR) and with the NCRP Million Person Study, it has been possible to evaluate NLR from medical records of a cohort of 166 former radium dial painters previously evaluated at Argonne National Laboratory. The radium dial painters (RDP) are a well-described group of predominantly young women who incidentally ingested 226Ra and 228Ra as they painted luminescent watch dials in the first part of the twentieth century. Members of the cohort had ingestion of radium at an early age (mean age 20.6 ± 5.4 y). Exposure duration ranged from 1-1,820 weeks with red marrow dose 1.5 mGy – 10.52 Gy. Two subsets (n=7 each; marrow dose > 50 cGy) were derived from this cohort: one set consists of those RDP without a history of radium-induced sarcoma (average red marrow dose 164 cGy) and another set of RDP with a history of treated sarcoma (average marrow dose 371 cGy). In addition, a set of normal unirradiated controls (n=125) was obtained. NLR is found to be the same in the RDP subset without sarcoma as in controls (2.06 ± 0.062 vs. 2.07 ± 0.12; mean ± SEM; p=0.43 NS, Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test). However, NLR in the treated sarcoma group is markedly higher (3.17 ± 0.25), significant at p<0.001 using Mann-Whitney. This observation suggests a possible state of chronic inflammation in those patients previously treated for radium-induced osteosarcoma.
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TAM-A2.5
11:30 Radiobiology of Select Radionuclides in Hanford Site Tank Waste WM Glines*, Department of Energy (retired)
; AL Brooks, Washington State University Tri-Cities/Department of Energy (retired); DG Hoel, Medical University of South Carolina
Abstract: There are several important radionuclides involved in the “clean-up” or environmental isolation of nuclear waste contained in Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford Site underground waste tanks which drive many of the decisions associated with this activity. To make proper human health risk analysis and ensure that the most appropriate decisions are made it is important to understand the radiation biology and the human health risk associated with these radionuclides. This presentation provides some basic radiological science, in particular, radiation biology, for some of these radionuclides, i.e., 3H, 90Sr, 137Cs, 99Tc, 129I and the alpha emitters 239, 240Pu, 233,234,235,238 U, and 241Am. These radionuclides were selected based on their designation as “constituents of potential concern”, historical significance, or potential impact on human health risk. In addition to the radiobiology of these select radionuclides, this presentation provides brief discussions of the estimated cost of planned management of Hanford tank waste and a comparison with releases into the Techa River from activities associated with the Mayak Production Association. A set of summary conclusions of the potential human health risks associated with these radionuclides is given.
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