WAM-B - Special Session: DOE Health Studies Part 1 Centennial Ballroom 300B 09:30 - 12:00
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| Chair(s): Isaf Al-Nabulsi, Ashley Golden
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WAM-B.1
09:30 New Developments in the Dosimetry of the Japanese Atomic Bomb Survivors HM Cullings*, Consultant, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
; WE Bolch, University of Florida; S Funamoto, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, HIroshima, Japan; T Sato, Japan Atomic Energy Agency; C Lee, US National Cancer Institute; SD Egbert, Consultant, Radiation Effects Research Foundation; NE Hertel, Georgia Institute of Technology; SJ Domal, University of Florida; KT Griffin, US National Cancer Institute; CJ Paulbeck, Johns Hopkins University
Abstract: For several decades the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, has been refining the dosimetry of the Japanese atomic bomb survivors. The dosimetry is based on extensive information collected in early years after the bombing, regarding the location of each survivor at the time of the bombing (ATB). For a large majority of proximal survivors there are detailed shielding histories with drawings of the building occupied by the survivor and details such as the survivor’s posture and the compass direction they were facing ATB. For many years RERF has used anthropomorphic phantoms composed of primitive geometrical shapes that were developed in the 1980s for the DS86 dosimetry system. These include only 3 phantoms: infant, child, and adult, 15 organs, and several postures (standing, sitting, lying down). For several years now a binational working group has been creating a much more detailed and extensive new set of phantoms including 5 age categories, pregnant women and fetuses in utero, and most recently the nearby shielding by work benches or machine tools for Nagasaki factory workers. The new phantoms are much more anatomically realistic and contain a much larger number of organs and tissues. The results of these efforts including differences from the DS86 phantoms have been reported in a number of publications. This talk will focus on the features of the new phantoms and the differences between the body self-shielding calculated for the new vs. old phantoms. The differences are naturally considerably larger for neutrons than for gamma rays and depend in a major way on the direction the person was facing relative to the direction to the bomb.
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WAM-B.2
09:55 Radiation Risk of Cancer Incidence in the Life Span Study of Atomic Bomb Survivors K Ozasa*, Dept. of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation
Abstract: A series of analyses of atomic bomb radiation risk of cancer incidence in the Life Span Study of atomic bomb survivors during 1958-2009 have been carried out using updated individual doses (DS02R1) and the risk estimates were adjusted for relevant lifestyle and other factors. More than 22,000 solid cancers were diagnosed among about 105,000 LSS subjects. Excess relative risk per Gy of all solid cancer was similar with and without adjusting for smoking, indicating that smoking was not a strong confounder over the full dose range. In contrast, greater caution is needed when evaluating low-dose risks as confounding may be an issue when evaluating radiation risks at more distal locations where factors that influence cancer risks may have important differences by geographic location and the radiation doses are lower. Upward curvature was observed for the male dose response however, the female dose response was linear. The reasons for this discrepancy were complex. Updated individual doses did not seem to influence the risk estimates substantially. For individual sites, many of risk estimates were similar to the previous studies, but there were some important findings. Proximal colon had a higher risk of radiation than distal colon, and rectum had no risk. Female breast and uterine corpus cancers had their highest radiation risks when exposure coincided with puberty. This is thought to be associated with activities of tissue stem cells of mammary gland and uterine endothelia. Pancreas and prostate cancer indicated increased risks for the first time in this cohort, probably due to increased numbers of outcomes. Continued follow up coupled with the possibility of updated organ dose estimates are expected to improve the precision of radiation risk estimates.
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WAM-B.3
10:20 Biorepository of A-Bomb Survivors and their Offspring O Tanabe*, Radiation Effects Research Foundation
; T Hayashi, Radiation Effects Research Foundation; M Imaizumi, Radiation Effects Research Foundation; J Kajimura, Radiation Effects Research Foundation; Y Matsuda, Radiation Effects Research Foundation
Abstract: Since 1958, ABCC and its successor, Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF), have been conducting the Adult Health Study (AHS) of 25,000 people including A-bomb survivors for biennial health examinations in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. At the examinations, ABCC-RERF has been collecting biosamples from study participants: blood serum since 1969, blood plasma and cells since 1990, and urine since 1999. Since 1985, to study trans-generational effects of A-bomb radiation, RERF has stored about 53,000 tubes of freshly isolated and EBV-transformed lymphocytes in liquid nitrogen, which were provided by about 1,000 trio families comprising AHS subjects, their spouses, and children. Since 2002, RERF has been conducting the F1 Offspring Clinical Study (FOCS) of 13,000 people including children of A-bomb survivors for health examinations every four years and collecting a similar set of biosamples as AHS. Furthermore, ABCC-RERF has retained pathological tissue samples of 13,000 autopsy cases and surgical specimens since 1948, as well as blood smears of AHS and FOCS participants. However, until recent years, the collection and management of biosamples had been conducted by individual research departments. To ensure appropriate preservation and quality control of the biosamples, and to promote utilization of the samples for internal and external collaborative research, the Biosample Research Center was established in 2013 for centralized management of the biosamples. Blood and urine samples collected by research departments were transferred to the Center, and most of newly collected biosamples are processed and stored by the Center with standardized methods; in 2021, the Center processed and stored 55,000 tubes of blood and urine samples provided by about 600 AHS and 1,600 FOCS participants. As of 2021, the Center holds a total of about 2.1 million tubes of biosamples provided by 16,800 AHS and 12,700 FOCS participants, and by 4,100 Trio study subjects. Of those biosamples, 860,000 tubes are stored in a robotic biorepository system (BioStore II) at -80ºC for better security and quality control. Moreover, it is planned that the Center will manage other biosamples such as pathological tissue samples and blood smears in future.
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WAM-B.4
10:45 Recent Improvements in Dose Reconstructions for the JCCRER Russian Studies BA Napier*, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
; MA Smith, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; PW Eslinger, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; AV Efimov, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute; VV Vostrotin, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute; VE Vvedensky, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute; MO Degteva, Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine; EA Shishkina, Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine; EI Tolstykh, Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine
Abstract: The Mayak Production Association (Mayak PA) produced nuclear materials for the Russian weapons program in facilities located about 70 km northwest of Chelyabinsk, Russia. Reactor operations began in June 1948, chemical separation of plutonium from irradiated fuel began in December 1948, and plutonium processing began in February 1949. The newly-developed production activities irradiated Mayak workers and released radioactive materials to the atmosphere and to the Techa River. As a result, the residents of 41 Techa riverside villages were affected by external exposure from contaminated floodplains and internal exposure mainly due to 137Cs and 89,90Sr in river water and local foodstuffs. An explosion at a Mayak radioactive waste-storage facility in 1957 (the so-called Kyshtym Accident) resulted in the formation of the East Urals Radioactive Trace (EURT). Dose reconstruction of the worker and public cohorts supports companion epidemiological studies for the Joint Coordinating Committee on Radiation Effects Research (JCCRER). Of the 26,000 workers being followed at Mayak, most have badge dosimeter readings for external dose, but only about 8,000 have had bioassays to support internal dose estimates; a new Job Exposure Matrix has been developed to provide internal dose estimates for the remaining unexamined 70% of the worker cohort. A new pilot study has just begun of a cohort of uranium workers at the Seversk site. The offsite public Southern Urals Populations Exposed to Radiation (SUPER) Cohort has been expanded to nearly 60,000 individuals and now includes pre- and post-natal organ dose estimates from Techa River and EURT exposures, past medical exposures, and thyroid doses from atmospheric 131I. Stochastic dose estimates for all cohorts for all exposure pathways provide coherent systems separating shared and unshared, and measurement (classical) and grouping (Berkson), uncertainties.
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WAM-B.5
11:10 Follow-up and Risk Analyses in the Mayak and Expanded Techa River Cohorts DL Preston*, Hirosoft International
; LY Krestinina, Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine; ME Sokolnikov, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute; DO Stram, University of Southern California
Abstract: We review the status and describe recent results concerning external gamma and internal plutonium radiation dose effects on lung cancer and leukemia risks in the 27,000 member Mayak Worker Cohort. We also describe the newly created 60,000-member Southern Urals Populations Exposed to Radiation (SUPER) cohort. This cohort includes: the original Techa River Cohort of almost 30,000 people born before 1950 who lived in riverside villages contaminated by radioactive waste releases into the river between 1950 and 1956; almost 11,000 Techa River residents born after 1950 and about 18,000 people who lived in areas contaminated by the 1957 explosion of a waste storage container at the Mayak plutonium production facility. We then outline results of a solid cancer mortality dose-response analyses in a combined cohort of Techa River residents and 1957 accident victims.
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WAM-B.6
11:35 Radiation Research And The Russian Radiobiological Human Tissue Repository C Loffredo*, Georgetown University
; T Azizova, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute
Abstract: The Russian Radiobiological Human Tissue Repository (RHTR) at the Southern Urals Biophysics Institute in Ozersk, Russia, has an overall mission focused on biobanking human biological specimens to support research on the long-term health consequences of chronic, low dose rate ionizing radiation exposures. Two major groups of subjects have been donating such biospecimens, starting in 1951 and continuing to the present time: exposed workers at the Mayak nuclear production facilities, and city residents of Ozersk (controls) who were never occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. RHTR personnel collect tissues and blood specimens with signed, informed consent of participants or next of kin, and all of the specimens are annotated with demographic, occupational, dosimetry, and medical history information. Protocols for specimen collection, processing, storage, and quality control at RHTR are continually updated and are in full compliance with international best practices guidelines. To date, surgical and/or biopsy tissues have been collected and stored from 1,057 individuals, and autopsy tissues and whole organs are available from 1,121 individuals; stored blood samples are available from 8,813 donors. Familial blood DNA is available from parent-offspring triads/diads where at least one of the parents was an exposed worker (537 families, comprising 1,505 individuals). Additional collections in the RHTR include oral epithelial cells, saliva, induced sputum, and bone marrow from selected individuals. The biological materials and their annotated data are available to be shared with interested scientists worldwide, via the RHTR web site, which enables interested users to browse a continuously updated catalog of specimens and data elements. An online application is available to request specimens and to inquire about additional details. Examples will be described during the conference presentation to illustrate the role of RHTR in facilitating state-of-the-art radiobiological research, using this unique biospecimen resource.
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